{"id":4412,"date":"2025-04-25T13:41:45","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T11:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=4412"},"modified":"2025-04-25T13:41:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T11:41:50","slug":"afrique-australe-securite-regionale-face-a-la-montee-des-groupes-armes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=4412","title":{"rendered":"Afrique australe : s\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des groupes arm\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction<\/p><p>L\u2019Afrique australe, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus stables du continent africain, fait d\u00e9sormais face \u00e0 une mont\u00e9e pr\u00e9occupante des groupes arm\u00e9s. Mozambique, R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), Angola, Zimbabwe, et m\u00eame l\u2019Afrique du Sud voient \u00e9merger de nouveaux foyers d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Cette \u00e9volution bouleverse l\u2019\u00e9quilibre r\u00e9gional et pose de nouveaux d\u00e9fis aux \u00c9tats, \u00e0 la Communaut\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Afrique australe (SADC) et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 collective du continent.<\/p><p>1. Un paysage s\u00e9curitaire en mutation<\/p><p>Traditionnellement, l\u2019Afrique australe b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait d\u2019une stabilit\u00e9 relative, en comparaison avec les crises chroniques d\u2019Afrique centrale ou de la Corne. Mais depuis 2017, l\u2019insurrection djihadiste dans la province du Cabo Delgado, au nord du Mozambique, a marqu\u00e9 un tournant. Le groupe Ahlu Sunna Wal Jamaa, li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique, a men\u00e9 des attaques meurtri\u00e8res, provoquant le d\u00e9placement de plus d\u2019un million de personnes et perturbant l\u2019industrie du gaz naturel.<\/p><p>La RDC, bien que situ\u00e9e \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re de la r\u00e9gion, reste un foyer d\u2019instabilit\u00e9 majeur. Les groupes arm\u00e9s, notamment dans l\u2019Est, continuent de menacer la paix, avec des r\u00e9percussions sur les pays voisins, en particulier l\u2019Angola et la Zambie.<\/p><p>2. Les nouvelles dynamiques de la violence<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Criminalit\u00e9 transfrontali\u00e8re<\/strong>\u00a0: Trafic d\u2019armes, de drogues et de personnes prosp\u00e8re sur des fronti\u00e8res poreuses.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Radicalisation et extr\u00e9misme<\/strong>\u00a0: Le Mozambique est devenu un terrain d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation pour les r\u00e9seaux djihadistes r\u00e9gionaux.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Milices locales<\/strong>\u00a0: En Angola et au Zimbabwe, la crise \u00e9conomique favorise l\u2019\u00e9mergence de groupes arm\u00e9s \u00e0 vis\u00e9e politique ou communautaire.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-1170x658.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-585x329.jpg 585w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/AP19213479080743.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An armed soldier stands guard during the peace accord signing ceremony between Mozambique President Filipe Nyusi and Renamo leader Ossufo Momade at Gorongosa National Park, about 170 kilometres from Beira, Mozambique,Thursday, Aug, 1, 2019.  Mozambique\u2019s president and the leader of the Renamo opposition signed a peace accord on Thursday to end years of hostilities that followed a 15-year civil war. (AP Photo\/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>3. R\u00e9ponses nationales et r\u00e9gionales<\/p><p>La SADC a d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 une force d\u2019intervention au Mozambique, avec un soutien notable de l\u2019Afrique du Sud, du Botswana et de l\u2019Angola. Malgr\u00e9 quelques succ\u00e8s, la mission peine \u00e0 \u00e9radiquer la menace, faute de moyens et de coordination. Les \u00c9tats membres renforcent leurs dispositifs de renseignement, mais la coop\u00e9ration reste entrav\u00e9e par des rivalit\u00e9s politiques et des int\u00e9r\u00eats divergents.<\/p><p>4. Les enjeux pour la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u00c9conomie<\/strong>\u00a0: L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 freine les investissements, notamment dans le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (gaz, hydrocarbures, mines).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Migration<\/strong>\u00a0: Les d\u00e9placements de populations cr\u00e9ent des tensions aux fronti\u00e8res, notamment entre le Mozambique et la Tanzanie.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Gouvernance<\/strong>\u00a0: La mont\u00e9e des groupes arm\u00e9s met \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats et la confiance des populations.<\/li><\/ul><p>5. Perspectives et solutions<\/p><p>Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, les experts recommandent :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Une coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale renforc\u00e9e, avec partage du renseignement et op\u00e9rations conjointes.<\/li>\n\n<li>Un soutien international accru, notamment de l\u2019Union africaine et des partenaires europ\u00e9ens.<\/li>\n\n<li>Des politiques inclusives de d\u00e9veloppement pour r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9 et la marginalisation, terreaux de la radicalisation.<\/li><\/ul><p>Conclusion<\/p><p>La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Afrique australe est d\u00e9sormais un enjeu continental. La capacit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la menace des groupes arm\u00e9s conditionnera l\u2019avenir de la stabilit\u00e9, du d\u00e9veloppement et de l\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale.<br><strong>\u00c0 suivre dans nos prochaines analyses.<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"gsp_post_data\" data-post_type=\"post\" data-cat=\"actualites\" data-modified=\"120\" data-title=\"Afrique australe : s\u00e9curit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des groupes arm\u00e9s\" data-home=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction L\u2019Afrique australe, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus stables du continent africain, fait d\u00e9sormais face \u00e0 une mont\u00e9e pr\u00e9occupante des groupes arm\u00e9s. Mozambique, R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4413,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/beymedias.brightspotcdn.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4412"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4415,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4412\/revisions\/4415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}