{"id":3037,"date":"2025-04-11T09:22:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T07:22:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=3037"},"modified":"2025-04-11T09:22:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T07:22:20","slug":"montee-de-lextreme-droite-en-europe-vers-un-durcissement-des-politiques-migratoires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=3037","title":{"rendered":"Mont\u00e9e de l\u2019extr\u00eame droite en Europe \u2013 Vers un durcissement des politiques migratoires ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e9centes victoires \u00e9lectorales de partis d\u2019extr\u00eame droite en Europe (Italie, Su\u00e8de, France) red\u00e9finissent les politiques migratoires de l\u2019UE. Avec\u00a0<strong>plus de 3 000 morts en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e en 2024<\/strong>, ces orientations s\u00e9curitaires exacerbent les risques pour les migrants africains.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Le Pacte migratoire europ\u00e9en : une approche r\u00e9pressive<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adopt\u00e9 en mai 2024, le nouveau Pacte de l\u2019UE privil\u00e9gie la dissuasion et l\u2019externalisation :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>D\u00e9tention syst\u00e9matique<\/strong>\u00a0: Allongement de la dur\u00e9e de r\u00e9tention aux fronti\u00e8res pour les demandeurs d\u2019asile, sans garantie d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un avocat.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Refoulements ill\u00e9gaux<\/strong>\u00a0: Les rapports documentent des pushbacks en Gr\u00e8ce et en Croatie, avec complicit\u00e9 des agences europ\u00e9ennes (Frontex).<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Accords avec les pays tiers<\/strong>\u00a0: La Tunisie et la Libye, financ\u00e9es par l\u2019UE, interceptent les migrants en mer pour les renvoyer vers des centres surpeupl\u00e9s.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Cons\u00e9quences pour l\u2019Afrique et sa diaspora<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces politiques ont des r\u00e9percussions directes sur les communaut\u00e9s africaines :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Diaspora fragilis\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0: Les transferts de fonds deviennent risqu\u00e9s, avec des contr\u00f4les accrus sur les envois d\u2019argent vers les pays d\u2019origine.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crise humanitaire<\/strong>\u00a0: Les refoulements vers la Libye exposent les migrants \u00e0 la torture et \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage, comme le d\u00e9nonce HRW.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Impact \u00e9conomique<\/strong>\u00a0: Les restrictions limitent les opportunit\u00e9s de travail saisonnier (agriculture, construction), cruciales pour les \u00e9conomies ouest-africaines.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"655\" src=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1024x655.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3039\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1024x655.webp 1024w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-300x192.webp 300w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-768x492.webp 768w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1536x983.webp 1536w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1170x749.webp 1170w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-585x374.webp 585w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-1320x845.webp 1320w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image-600x384.webp 600w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image.webp 1656w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Alternatives africaines face au durcissement europ\u00e9en<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, l\u2019Afrique d\u00e9veloppe des strat\u00e9gies pour prot\u00e9ger ses citoyens :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mobilit\u00e9 intra-africaine<\/strong>\u00a0: La CEDEAO renforce la libre circulation dans l\u2019espace ouest-africain, offrant des alternatives \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9migration vers l\u2019Europe.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Plates-formes de plaidoyer<\/strong>\u00a0: L\u2019Union africaine n\u00e9gocie avec l\u2019UE pour des \u00ab\u00a0<strong>couloirs humanitaires<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb et des visas de travail sectoriels<a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/factsheets\/fr\/sheet\/152\/politique-d-immigration\">6<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>R\u00e9investissement des diasporas<\/strong>\u00a0: Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et le Maroc incitent les migrants \u00e0 investir dans l\u2019agro-industrie et les \u00e9nergies renouvelables via des incitations fiscales.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le virage s\u00e9curitaire de l\u2019Europe pousse l\u2019Afrique \u00e0 repenser sa gouvernance migratoire. En misant sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale et la valorisation des diasporas, le continent pourrait att\u00e9nuer les effets des politiques europ\u00e9ennes tout en renfor\u00e7ant sa r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique.<\/p><div class=\"gsp_post_data\" data-post_type=\"post\" data-cat=\"politique-internationale-asie-et-autres-regions\" data-modified=\"120\" data-title=\"Mont\u00e9e de l\u2019extr\u00eame droite en Europe \u2013 Vers un durcissement des politiques migratoires ?\" data-home=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Les r\u00e9centes victoires \u00e9lectorales de partis d\u2019extr\u00eame droite en Europe (Italie, Su\u00e8de, France) red\u00e9finissent les politiques migratoires de l\u2019UE. Avec\u00a0plus de 3 000 morts en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e en 2024, ces&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3038,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[264],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique-internationale-asie-et-autres-regions"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/montage-ed-progression-europeennes-1-65e9c0d000239367461732.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3037"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3037\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3040,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3037\/revisions\/3040"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}