{"id":3032,"date":"2025-04-11T09:19:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T07:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=3032"},"modified":"2025-04-11T09:19:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T07:19:17","slug":"guerre-en-ukraine-repercussions-sur-les-approvisionnements-africains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=3032","title":{"rendered":"Guerre en Ukraine \u2013 R\u00e9percussions sur les approvisionnements africains"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p><p>La guerre en Ukraine, en perturbant les exportations de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et d\u2019ol\u00e9agineux, a plong\u00e9 l\u2019Afrique dans une crise alimentaire sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Avec&nbsp;<strong>32 % des importations de bl\u00e9 africain<\/strong>&nbsp;d\u00e9pendant de la Russie et&nbsp;<strong>12 % de l\u2019Ukraine<\/strong>, le conflit expose les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s d\u2019un continent d\u00e9j\u00e0 fragilis\u00e9 par les s\u00e9cheresses et les conflits locaux<a href=\"https:\/\/ssa.foodsecurityportal.org\/fr\/node\/2431\">1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/impacts-de-la-guerre-en-ukraine-sur-les-marches-ag\/\">3<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong>1. Une d\u00e9pendance critique aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales ukraino-russes<\/strong><\/p><p>L\u2019Afrique importe&nbsp;<strong>63,4 % de sa consommation de bl\u00e9<\/strong>, principalement de Russie et d\u2019Ukraine<a href=\"https:\/\/ssa.foodsecurityportal.org\/fr\/node\/2431\">1<\/a>.&nbsp;Les r\u00e9gions les plus touch\u00e9es :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Afrique du Nord<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00c9gypte, Alg\u00e9rie) : 50 % de leurs importations de bl\u00e9 proviennent de la r\u00e9gion de la mer Noire.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Afrique de l\u2019Ouest<\/strong>\u00a0(Nig\u00e9ria) : Hausse de\u00a0<strong>45 % des prix du bl\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0depuis f\u00e9vrier 2022, impactant les produits de base comme le pain<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/impacts-de-la-guerre-en-ukraine-sur-les-marches-ag\/\">3<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Corne de l\u2019Afrique<\/strong>\u00a0: La Somalie et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, d\u00e9j\u00e0 en proie \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, subissent une inflation record des denr\u00e9es (+60 % pour le ma\u00efs)<a href=\"https:\/\/ssa.foodsecurityportal.org\/fr\/node\/2431\">1<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>2. L\u2019effet domino sur les march\u00e9s agricoles africains<\/strong><\/p><p>La flamb\u00e9e des prix des engrais russes (dont l\u2019UE d\u00e9pend \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>40 %<\/strong>) aggrave la situation :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crise des intrants<\/strong>\u00a0: Les co\u00fbts des engrais azot\u00e9s ont tripl\u00e9, r\u00e9duisant les rendements des cultures locales (ma\u00efs, riz).<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Strat\u00e9gies d\u2019adaptation<\/strong>\u00a0: Certains pays, comme le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, se tournent vers des alternatives (bioengrais, partenariats avec l\u2019Inde), mais ces solutions restent marginales<a href=\"https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/politique-etrangere-de-la-france\/developpement\/evenements-et-actualites-sur-le-theme-du-developpement\/evenements-et-actualites-sur-le-theme-du-developpement-2025\/article\/securite-alimentaire-mondiale-importations-d-engrais-russes-dans-l-union\">5<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/126027073_gettyimages-1153555218.jpg.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3035\" style=\"width:780px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/126027073_gettyimages-1153555218.jpg.webp 640w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/126027073_gettyimages-1153555218.jpg-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/126027073_gettyimages-1153555218.jpg-585x329.webp 585w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/126027073_gettyimages-1153555218.jpg-600x338.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><p><strong>3. Vers une souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire africaine ?<\/strong><\/p><p>Face \u00e0 cette crise, des initiatives \u00e9mergent pour r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance aux importations :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>ZLECAf<\/strong>\u00a0: La Zone de libre-\u00e9change continentale encourage les \u00e9changes intra-africains de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales (exemple : bl\u00e9 sud-africain vers le Kenya).<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Investissements locaux<\/strong>\u00a0: Le Maroc et l\u2019\u00c9gypte d\u00e9veloppent des projets de m\u00e9ga-silos et de logistique portuaire pour s\u00e9curiser les stocks<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futuribles.com\/impacts-de-la-guerre-en-ukraine-sur-les-marches-ag\/\">3<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Agriculture r\u00e9siliente<\/strong>\u00a0: Promotion de cultures alternatives (sorgho, millet) moins d\u00e9pendantes des engrais chimiques<a href=\"https:\/\/ssa.foodsecurityportal.org\/fr\/node\/2431\">1<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p><p>Si la guerre en Ukraine a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les failles du syst\u00e8me alimentaire africain, elle catalyse aussi des r\u00e9formes structurelles. La transition vers une agriculture durable et diversifi\u00e9e, coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 des politiques r\u00e9gionales coordonn\u00e9es, pourrait transformer cette crise en opportunit\u00e9 pour l\u2019autosuffisance continentale<a href=\"https:\/\/ssa.foodsecurityportal.org\/fr\/node\/2431\">1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/politique-etrangere-de-la-france\/developpement\/evenements-et-actualites-sur-le-theme-du-developpement\/evenements-et-actualites-sur-le-theme-du-developpement-2025\/article\/securite-alimentaire-mondiale-importations-d-engrais-russes-dans-l-union\">5<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"gsp_post_data\" data-post_type=\"post\" data-cat=\"actualites\" data-modified=\"120\" data-title=\"Guerre en Ukraine \u2013 R\u00e9percussions sur les approvisionnements africains\" data-home=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction La guerre en Ukraine, en perturbant les exportations de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et d\u2019ol\u00e9agineux, a plong\u00e9 l\u2019Afrique dans une crise alimentaire sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Avec&nbsp;32 % des importations de bl\u00e9 africain&nbsp;d\u00e9pendant de&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/field_media_image-1648441-AP22208776679169-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3032"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3036,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3032\/revisions\/3036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}