{"id":2658,"date":"2025-04-08T23:33:16","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T21:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=2658"},"modified":"2025-04-08T23:33:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T21:33:19","slug":"migrations-climatiques-en-afrique-vers-une-redefinition-des-frontieres-et-des-solidarites-regionales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=2658","title":{"rendered":"Migrations climatiques en Afrique : vers une red\u00e9finition des fronti\u00e8res et des solidarit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Introduction :<\/strong><br>D\u2019ici 2050, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 86 millions d\u2019Africains pourraient migrer \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du continent \u00e0 cause des d\u00e9r\u00e8glements climatiques (Banque mondiale, 2021). Ces mouvements, d\u00e9j\u00e0 visibles dans le Sahel et la Corne de l\u2019Afrique, interrogent les notions de souverainet\u00e9 et de citoyennet\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cartographie des d\u00e9placements climatiques<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sahel<\/strong>\u00a0: Les \u00e9leveurs peuls du Burkina Faso migrent vers le Sud \u00e0 cause de la d\u00e9sertification, entrant en conflit avec les agriculteurs s\u00e9dentaires.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Corne de l\u2019Afrique<\/strong>\u00a0: La s\u00e9cheresse en Somalie pousse les populations vers les villes \u00e9thiopiennes ou k\u00e9nyanes, d\u00e9j\u00e0 surpeupl\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Afrique australe<\/strong>\u00a0: Les cyclones fr\u00e9quents au Mozambique provoquent des exodes vers l\u2019Afrique du Sud, alimentant les tensions x\u00e9nophobes.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-1024x437.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-1024x437.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-768x328.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-1170x499.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-585x250.jpg 585w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner-600x256.jpg 600w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2022-09-27-iss-today-climate-migration-banner.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u00e9ponses institutionnelles : innovations et limites<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Accords transfrontaliers<\/strong>\u00a0: La CEDEAO a adopt\u00e9 un protocole en 2023 pour faciliter la mobilit\u00e9 des \u00ab r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s climatiques \u00bb, mais sans m\u00e9canisme de financement.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Villes refuges<\/strong>\u00a0: Accra et Kampala d\u00e9veloppent des quartiers r\u00e9silients pour accueillir les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s (toits verts, syst\u00e8mes de recyclage d\u2019eau).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Droits fonciers<\/strong>\u00a0: Au Niger, des tribunaux nomades arbitrent les conflits entre migrants et communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00c9tude de cas : Le Lac Tchad, laboratoire des migrations climatiques<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>D\u00e9sastre \u00e9cologique<\/strong>\u00a0: Le lac a perdu 90 % de sa surface depuis 1960, for\u00e7ant 5 millions de personnes \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Crise s\u00e9curitaire<\/strong>\u00a0: Les groupes arm\u00e9s comme Boko Haram recrutent parmi les jeunes d\u00e9plac\u00e9s d\u00e9s\u0153uvr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Initiatives locales<\/strong>\u00a0: Les femmes peules ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 des coop\u00e9ratives agricoles pour s\u00e9dentariser les migrants via l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>En guise de conclusion : Questions pour demain<\/strong><br>Les migrations climatiques vont-elles rebattre les cartes g\u00e9opolitiques africaines ? Faut-il imaginer un&nbsp;<strong>passeport climatique<\/strong>&nbsp;r\u00e9gional, comme le proposent certains juristes ? Et comment concilier urgence humanitaire et pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ? Ces interrogations, loin d\u2019\u00eatre th\u00e9oriques, appellent \u00e0 une r\u00e9invention radicale des solidarit\u00e9s panafricaines.<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p><div class=\"gsp_post_data\" data-post_type=\"post\" data-cat=\"developpement-durable\" data-modified=\"120\" data-title=\"Migrations climatiques en Afrique : vers une red\u00e9finition des fronti\u00e8res et des solidarit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionales ?\" data-home=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction :D\u2019ici 2050, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 86 millions d\u2019Africains pourraient migrer \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du continent \u00e0 cause des d\u00e9r\u00e8glements climatiques (Banque mondiale, 2021). Ces mouvements, d\u00e9j\u00e0 visibles dans le Sahel et la&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[273],"tags":[330,331],"class_list":["post-2658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-developpement-durable","tag-economie-informelle-odd-afrique","tag-migrations-climatiques-afrique"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/climate-migration-in-africa-how-to-turn-the-tide-780x439-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2661,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2658\/revisions\/2661"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}