{"id":2633,"date":"2025-04-08T22:33:36","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T20:33:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=2633"},"modified":"2025-04-08T22:33:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T20:33:40","slug":"hydrocolonialisme-et-resistances-locales-les-batailles-pour-leau-en-afrique-subsaharienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=2633","title":{"rendered":"Hydrocolonialisme et r\u00e9sistances locales : les batailles pour l\u2019eau en Afrique subsaharienne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Introduction :<\/strong><br>L\u2019eau, ressource strat\u00e9gique en Afrique subsaharienne, est au c\u0153ur de conflits opposant multinationales, \u00c9tats et communaut\u00e9s locales. Ces tensions r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un \u00ab hydrocolonialisme \u00bb moderne, o\u00f9 la gestion de l\u2019eau reproduit des logiques d\u2019exploitation h\u00e9rit\u00e9es de la colonisation.<\/p><p><strong>Grands barrages et d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s :<\/strong><br>Les m\u00e9ga-projets hydro\u00e9lectriques soul\u00e8vent des contestations :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Barrage de la Renaissance (\u00c9thiopie)<\/strong>\u00a0: 20 000 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, tensions avec l\u2019\u00c9gypte sur le partage du Nil.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Inga III (RDC)<\/strong>\u00a0: Promesse d\u2019\u00e9lectrification contrari\u00e9e par des accusations de corruption et d\u2019accaparement des terres.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e9possession symbolique<\/strong>\u00a0: Les\u00a0<em>Bobo<\/em>\u00a0du Burkina Faso perdent l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux sites sacr\u00e9s inond\u00e9s par le barrage de Samandeni.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Accaparement des nappes phr\u00e9atiques :<\/strong><br>Les multinationales exploitent les eaux souterraines au d\u00e9triment des populations :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nestl\u00e9 au Nigeria<\/strong>\u00a0: Puisage intensif dans l\u2019aquif\u00e8re de Lagos, aggravant la p\u00e9nurie pour 5 millions d\u2019habitants.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Vittel au Maroc<\/strong>\u00a0: Commercialisation d\u2019eau min\u00e9rale dans l\u2019Atlas, malgr\u00e9 des s\u00e9cheresses r\u00e9currentes.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Agriculture exportatrice<\/strong>\u00a0: Les fermes horticoles k\u00e9nyanes ass\u00e8chent les rivi\u00e8res pour alimenter les supermarch\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-187985165-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-187985165-1.jpg 980w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-187985165-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-187985165-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-187985165-1-585x329.jpg 585w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/GettyImages-187985165-1-600x337.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/figure><p><strong>R\u00e9sistances et alternatives communautaires :<\/strong><br>Face \u00e0 ces pressions, des mod\u00e8les locaux \u00e9mergent :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>*<em>Water committees<\/em>\u00a0: En Ouganda, des comit\u00e9s villageois g\u00e8rent les forages gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des blockchains pour \u00e9viter la corruption.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e9habilitation des savoirs traditionnels<\/strong>\u00a0: Les\u00a0<em>foggara<\/em>\u00a0alg\u00e9riens et les\u00a0<em>khettara<\/em>\u00a0marocains, galeries drainantes ancestrales, sont remis en service.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Justice climatique<\/strong>\u00a0: Le mouvement\u00a0<em>End Water Poverty<\/em>\u00a0(Afrique du Sud) intente des proc\u00e8s contre les pollueurs industriels.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>G\u00e9opolitique de l\u2019eau :<\/strong><br>Les conflits transfrontaliers s\u2019intensifient :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Bassin du Niger<\/strong>\u00a0: Concurrence entre irrigation malienne et besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques nig\u00e9rians.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Aquif\u00e8re des Gr\u00e8s de Nubie<\/strong>\u00a0: Tensions libyennes, tchadiennes et soudanaises sur la plus grande r\u00e9serve fossile d\u2019eau douce au monde.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Diplomatie verte<\/strong>\u00a0: La\u00a0<em>Communaut\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019Afrique australe<\/em>\u00a0(SADC) tente d\u2019harmoniser les politiques hydriques.<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"gsp_post_data\" data-post_type=\"post\" data-cat=\"actualites\" data-modified=\"120\" data-title=\"Hydrocolonialisme et r\u00e9sistances locales : les batailles pour l\u2019eau en Afrique subsaharienne\" data-home=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction :L\u2019eau, ressource strat\u00e9gique en Afrique subsaharienne, est au c\u0153ur de conflits opposant multinationales, \u00c9tats et communaut\u00e9s locales. Ces tensions r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un \u00ab hydrocolonialisme \u00bb moderne, o\u00f9 la gestion de&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/crise-Covid-19-Afrique-Ouest-centrale.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2636,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2633\/revisions\/2636"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}