{"id":2590,"date":"2025-04-06T20:56:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T18:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=2590"},"modified":"2025-04-06T20:57:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T18:57:05","slug":"lafrique-romaine-revisitee-cites-libres-cadastres-et-conflits-de-frontieres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/?p=2590","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Afrique romaine revisit\u00e9e : cit\u00e9s libres, cadastres et conflits de fronti\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Introduction :<\/strong><br>La province romaine d\u2019Afrique, structur\u00e9e autour des&nbsp;<em>civitates liberae<\/em>&nbsp;(cit\u00e9s libres), offre un laboratoire pour \u00e9tudier les tensions entre autonomie locale et domination imp\u00e9riale. Les travaux r\u00e9cents, croisant \u00e9pigraphie, arch\u00e9og\u00e9ographie et sources litt\u00e9raires, r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une complexit\u00e9 administrative longtemps sous-estim\u00e9e.<\/p><p><strong>Les cit\u00e9s libres : autonomie et int\u00e9gration<\/strong><br>Pline l\u2019Ancien recense 516&nbsp;<em>populi<\/em>&nbsp;en Afrique romaine, dont seulement 53 jouissaient du statut privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de cit\u00e9 libre<a href=\"https:\/\/ojs.unica.it\/index.php\/caster\/article\/download\/4222\/3871\/\">4<\/a>.&nbsp;Ces entit\u00e9s, comme&nbsp;<em>Thugga<\/em>&nbsp;(Dougga) ou&nbsp;<em>Uchi Maius<\/em>, n\u00e9gociaient leur relation avec Rome \u00e0 travers :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Des privil\u00e8ges fiscaux<\/strong>\u00a0: exemptions partielles de l\u2019<em>annona<\/em>\u00a0(imp\u00f4t en nature).<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Une autogestion limit\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0: maintien des institutions locales (assembl\u00e9es, magistrats) sous contr\u00f4le romain.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019all\u00e9geance<\/strong>\u00a0: d\u00e9dicaces aux empereurs et int\u00e9gration de cultes romains aux panth\u00e9ons locaux.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Cadastres romains et structuration des paysages<\/strong><br>Les centuriations (r\u00e9seaux de parcelles) trac\u00e9es en&nbsp;<em>Africa vetus<\/em>&nbsp;(Tunisie actuelle) et&nbsp;<em>Africa nova<\/em>&nbsp;(Alg\u00e9rie orientale) illustrent l\u2019appropriation territoriale romaine :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Techniques d\u2019arpentage<\/strong>\u00a0: utilisation de la\u00a0<em>groma<\/em>\u00a0pour diviser les terres conquises, comme le montre le cadastre de\u00a0<em>Carthage<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Conflits agraires<\/strong>\u00a0: les bornes\u00a0<em>terminales<\/em>\u00a0retrouv\u00e9es pr\u00e8s de\u00a0<em>S\u00e9tif<\/em>\u00a0attestent des litiges entre colons romains et communaut\u00e9s numides<a href=\"https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-dialogues-d-histoire-ancienne-2020-1-page-231?lang=fr\">6<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Adaptation \u00e9cologique<\/strong>\u00a0: les Romains reprennent des techniques puniques de gestion hydraulique, visibles dans les\u00a0<em>foggara<\/em>\u00a0(galeries drainantes) du sud-constantinois.<\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Haidra-788x537-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2592\" style=\"width:780px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Haidra-788x537-1.webp 750w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Haidra-788x537-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Haidra-788x537-1-585x390.webp 585w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Haidra-788x537-1-263x175.webp 263w, https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Haidra-788x537-1-600x400.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/figure><p><strong>Fronti\u00e8res mouvantes et identit\u00e9s<\/strong><br>La notion de&nbsp;<em>limes<\/em>&nbsp;en Afrique romaine d\u00e9passe la simple ligne militaire :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Zones tampons<\/strong>\u00a0: r\u00e9gions comme la\u00a0<em>Marmarica<\/em>\u00a0(Libye actuelle) servaient d\u2019espaces de n\u00e9gociation avec les tribus g\u00e9tules.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Hybridation culturelle<\/strong>\u00a0: les st\u00e8les bilingues (libyque\/latin) de\u00a0<em>Volubilis<\/em>\u00a0(Maroc) refl\u00e8tent une romanisation s\u00e9lective.<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>R\u00e9interpr\u00e9tations m\u00e9di\u00e9vales<\/strong>\u00a0: les g\u00e9ographes arabes comme al-Bakri reprennent les d\u00e9coupages romains pour d\u00e9crire le Maghreb<a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/11691828.pdf\">2<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>D\u00e9bats historiographiques<\/strong><br>Les d\u00e9couvertes r\u00e9centes relancent les controverses sur :<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Le concept de \u00ab romanisation \u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0: critique des mod\u00e8les diffusionnistes au profit d\u2019une approche dialectique (creuset africano-romain).<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>La persistance des structures pr\u00e9romaines<\/strong>&nbsp;: les&nbsp;<em>pagi<\/em>&nbsp;(communaut\u00e9s rurales) conservent des traits numides sous le vernis administratif romain<\/p><div class=\"gsp_post_data\" data-post_type=\"post\" data-cat=\"culture\" data-modified=\"120\" data-title=\"L\u2019Afrique romaine revisit\u00e9e : cit\u00e9s libres, cadastres et conflits de fronti\u00e8res\" 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Les travaux r\u00e9cents, croisant \u00e9pigraphie, arch\u00e9og\u00e9ographie et&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Market_Leptis_Magna-scaled-1.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2590"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2593,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2590\/revisions\/2593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/africanova.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}